Research
Measured, with the data released.
Papers and studies on how backend systems behave under load. Every number comes from experiments I ran, and the code and raw data are public so anyone can rerun them.
Papers
Preprint, Zenodo15 pages
Overshoot, Retries and Clocks: An Empirical Study of Redis-Based Rate Limiting Under Concurrency
Yash Suthar · doi:10.5281/zenodo.23467402
Check-then-act (GET, compare, INCR) let through 29% more than its limit on average with 64 workers, and 37% in the worst trial. Under network delay that overshoot follows a lockstep model, c·ceil(L/c) − L, to within about one request.
Studies and data
Atomic rate limiting with Redis and Lua: cost, memory, blocking and cluster behaviour
Seven experiments on Redis 7.0: the CPU cost of a scripted rate limiting decision, sliding-log memory per client, how long large sorted sets block Redis, EVAL vs EVALSHA vs FCALL across restarts, the timestamp-member bug in sliding logs, Redis Cluster key rules, and replication of TIME. Includes the Go harness and raw data.
Also on ORCID. More notes from building these systems are in Writing.